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Case Study

Precision CNC Machining for Aluminum Racing Wheel Hubs

Wheel Hubs For Brown Formula Racing
Project Overview
Industry
Automotive / Motorsports
Product
Custom Center-Lock Wheel Hubs (Front & Rear)
Material
Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6
Technology
CNC Turning + 5-axis CNC Machining
Production Type
Low-volume, High-Precision Manufacturing
Surface Finish
As Machined
Precision
±0.01 mm
Lead Time
10 working days (excluding shipping)
Function
In FSAE racing, wheel hubs are high-performance unsprung components integrating the drivetrain, bearings, and wheels. Their dimensional accuracy, concentricity, and structural integrity directly affect vehicle stability, handling performance, and safety at high speeds.
Custom Fixtures For 5 Axis Machining
Brown Formula Racing

About the Client

Brown Formula Racing is Brown University’s student-led design and build team. Operating as a simulated engineering company, the team takes projects from concept to competition, giving members hands-on experience in CAD design, design for manufacture, metal and composite fabrication, and vehicle testing. The team welcomes students of all backgrounds, emphasizing practical learning and real-world engineering skills beyond the classroom.

What Is FSAE Michigan?

Brown Formula Racing competes in Formula SAE Michigan, the largest and most prestigious Formula SAE competition in North America. University teams design, build, and race high-performance formula-style vehicles, evaluated through dynamic events and rigorous design, cost, and business reviews by industry experts.

What the FSAE Team Needed

For Brown Formula Racing, the wheel hubs are mission-critical components that must withstand massive cornering forces and braking torques. These parts must meet:

  • Excellent concentricity to prevent vibration
  • High-strength performance with aggressive lightweighting
  • Precise threaded interfaces for wheel locknut engagement
  • Absolute dimensional consistency for bearing and hub assembly

Beyond the technical requirements, the team faced additional constraints common to Formula SAE projects:

  • Limited budget
  • Tight development schedule
  • Small batch CNC production
  • Low-volume, highly customized parts

The team required more than a conventional machine shop. They needed a partner who excels in rapid prototyping for motorsports—someone capable of delivering race-grade precision and advanced 5-axis capability within the tight schedule.

What The Racing Team NeededWhat The Racing Team Needed 2
Technical Challenges

Precision Engineering for FSAE Racing

The project required machining complex wheel flanges with extreme concentricity requirements and significant material removal, all while maintaining structural rigidity and surface integrity.

01

Micron-Level Concentricity

The front and rear wheel flanges demand extreme concentricity across intricate deep bores and symmetrical geometries. Maintaining micron-level tolerances across multiple complex machining setups is critical; even the slightest deviation leads to catastrophic vibration and performance failure at high rotational speeds.
02

Thin-Wall 7075 Machining

7075 aluminum is a strong yet lightweight material, making it ideal for high-performance wheel hubs. The primary challenge lies in achieving a flawless surface finish while preventing deformation in lightweight, thin-walled sections that are susceptible to structural compromise during the removal of large material volumes.
03

Deep Cavity Machining

The complex internal architecture of the hubs requires machining deep, hard-to-reach pockets. These geometries introduce inherent risks of tool chatter and obstructed chip evacuation, which threaten both dimensional stability and the required high-quality surface integrity in confined areas.
04

Fast-Track Delivery

Supporting a competitive FSAE team necessitates a highly compressed production timeline. The challenge involves balancing the rigorous demands of high precision with the urgency of a race-ready delivery schedule, where any delay impacts vehicle testing and trackside readiness.

Our Machining Solution

As a premier provider of precision CNC machining services for the automotive and racing industries, 3ERP specializes in turning complex engineering visions into high-performance realities.

To address these challenges, 3ERP developed a comprehensive machining strategy combining CNC turning, 5-axis milling, and custom fixturing, supported by in-process inspection.

Precision Cnc Turning

Minimized Setup Strategy

Our team machined both front and rear wheel hubs using a two-sided turning strategy. Each end was rough-turned, finish-turned, drilled, bored, and threaded, with controlled flipping to maintain consistent datums and achieve high-precision alignment.
Custom Fixtures For 5 Axis Machining

Custom Fixtures for 5-Axis Machining

Dedicated fixtures were designed specifically for this project, allowing secure clamping and consistent positioning during 5-axis machining. This minimized setup changes and eliminated cumulative positioning errors.
Contouring Machining

Weight Optimization via 5-Axis Milling

Dynamic milling strategies were used for extensive pocket machining and contouring milling, enabling aggressive material removal while maintaining part rigidity and surface quality.
Deep Pocket Machining

Optimized Deep Pocket Machining Strategy

For challenging internal pockets, a multi-step approach was applied:

  • Pilot drilling for chip clearance
  • Helical rough milling
  • Controlled finishing passes

This strategy ensured stable cutting and accurate feature geometry.

In Process And Final Inspection

Strict In-Process and Final Inspection

  • On-machine probing ensured accurate positioning
  • Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) inspection verified all geometric tolerances
  • Thread ring gauges confirmed the thread fit and reliability

Inspection data is recorded for quality traceability and race compliance.

CNC Machining Process

Watch how 3ERP machines the wheel hubs from solid 7075 aluminum using CNC turning and advanced 5-axis machining technology.

Technical Highlights

Rapid material removal and precision turning of outer diameters and end faces, achieving micron-level concentricity for high-speed rotation stability.

Accurate deep bore creation for wheel hub and locknut assembly, ensuring structural integrity and assembly reliability.

Fine internal diameter finishing to maintain strict tolerances and smooth mating surfaces for bearing alignment.

Thread cutting for wheel locknut connections, verified with thread gauges to guarantee fit and functional safety.

Aggressive internal material removal for lightweighting, while preserving structural rigidity and preventing vibration or deflection.

Multi-angle milling of complex external contours and side walls in a single setup, eliminating errors caused by repeated re-fixturing in conventional 3-axis machining, enabling precise geometry and superior surface finish.

Machining thin-wall and reduced-mass features without compromising mechanical strength, improving vehicle performance.

Smooth chamfering along curved edges and intricate contours, more efficient and accurate than 3-axis methods, enhancing safety and assembly precision.

Real-time measurement and CMM verification to ensure all geometric tolerances and thread specifications meet design requirements, supporting race-ready reliability.

Thanks to 3ERP’s 5-axis machining capabilities, we’re able to push the limits on our uprights and wheel package designs for maximum performance.

Brown Formula Racing

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